Magnus Norell, "The Taliban and the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA)", China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, Volume 5, Number 3 (2007), pages 61 - 82.

This study sheds light on the issue of Pakistani support for the insurgency in Afghanistan, mainly the Taliban, who, by way of being the most active, have been ? for all intents and purposes ? able to direct much of the insurgency in Afghanistan. In the study, it will be argued that without Pakistani support, the Afghan insurgency would not be able to keep up the level of attacks that they have, so far, been able to muster. The study will concentrate on the key political player when it comes to Pakistani support for the Taliban, the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA). The study will begin with a more general background of the present situation. This will include a discussion of some of the basic tenets of the insurgency as well as of how the present situation, with a more and more efficient insurgency, was reached. Thereafter will follow a discussion on the present set-up of Taliban ? MMA relations and how it affects Pakistan and Afghanistan. Finally, there will be a discussion on how this might affect the coalition forces in Afghanistan and some notes on possible future developments in Afghanistan.